How To Throw a KILLER Screwball Pitch – 8 Key Steps

Last Updated on October 19, 2023

The screwball pitch is a deceptive pitching technique that breaks sharply in the opposite direction of a traditional curveball. 

In short, the pitch can catch batters off guard and give you the upper hand on the mound, making it one of baseball’s most feared and confounding pitches. 

With its reverse break that fools batters into weak contact or ugly misses, the screwball is a magical yet dying art. 

Once deployed by legends like Christy Mathewson and Carl Hubbell, few pitchers today have the courage or skill to tame the physics-defying spin of the screwball. 

However, for those crafty hurlers able to command its wicked movement, the screwball represents a potential ticket to pitching immortality.

In this article, I’ll guide you step-by-step on how to master this tricky pitch. 

What Is a Screwball Pitch? 

A screwball is a type of pitch in baseball and fastpitch softball that stands out for its movement. It’s also known as Scroogie. 

It’s kind of like a backward curveball pitch – that’s why some baseball players call it a “Reverse Curve.” 

When executed correctly, a screwball pitch path breaks in the direction compared to a slider or curveball. 

Unlike pitches that veer towards the throwing arm side, the screwball moves away from the opposite-handed batter. Therefore, it’s considered an advanced pitching sequence strategy often used as an off-speed pitch.

The mechanics involved in throwing a screwball require hand rotation. The pitcher rotates their pitching hand inward, resulting in spin on the ball. 

This spin, combined with the grip and release techniques, causes the ball to break, contrary to how traditional breaking pitches behave.

A typical screwball is slower than a fastball or even a slider. In general, the average baseball pitching speed for a screwball is about 75 to 85 mph.

However, there are factors that influence the actual speed, such as the – 

• Pitcher’s arm strength  
• Desired control 
• Movement of the pitch

Brief History of Screwball

The origins of the screwball are a bit debated. During its heyday in the 1930s and 1940s, the screwball enjoyed popularity. 

Pitchers like Carl Hubbell and Christy Mathewson showcased its effectiveness in striking out batters.

“As per baseball legends, it is said that Giants manager John McGraw arranged for Mathewson to learn the art of the screwball from Black pitcher Rube Foster.”

Pitchers like Fernando Valenzuela, who continue to employ this pitch, are highly regarded for their style and approach to the game.

In the 1960s and 1970s, pitchers focused on getting ground ball outs rather than strikeouts, while hitters aimed for contact rather than hitting home runs. 

Moreover, throwing a screwball puts strain on both the elbow and shoulder, leading to worries about long-term health implications for pitchers.

As a result, the screwball gradually lost its significance in today’s game.

In today’s game, it’s rare to see pitchers employing a screwball technique. The modern emphasis on power and velocity in pitching doesn’t align well with this deceptive pitch style.

What Is the Physics Behind Screwball Pitching?

The screwball is one of those pitches that just seems to defy physics. Unlike a curveball that breaks down and away from a righty batter, the screwball moves in the complete opposite direction. 

So what gives this pitch its crazy sideways spin and movement?

It all comes down to something called the Magnus effect. It’s the same scientific principle that allows curveballs to curve and sliders to slide.

When the ball has topspin, the air on top moves faster over the seam, creating lower pressure that makes the ball “fall.” With backspin, it’s the opposite.

The screwball creates a unique reverse Magnus effect spin. As it moves through the air, the swirling seams disrupt airflow around the ball. 

This results in upward pressure on one side and downward pressure on the other. That’s why a lefty’s screwball breaks down and to the right from a hitter’s perspective.

It’s a really deceptive pitch – the ball starts coming in looking like a fastball, then darts sideways at the last moment. 

Batters have a tough time picking up their spin and movement, making the screwball an effective out-pitch when located properly. 

How to Throw a Screwball Pitch? Step by Step 

Let’s walk through how to pull off a powerful screwball. Follow these tips to get that unique breaking action and place it perfectly:

Step 1: Screwball Pitch Grip and Finger Placement

Hold the baseball in your hand, making sure to favor the upper part of your palm. Make sure you can see both sets of seams on the ball.

Wrap the section of the ball with your index and middle fingers. Your index finger should be aligned with the seam to get a grip.

Place your finger one to one and a half inches away from your index finger. Find a finger arrangement that feels comfortable for you.

Step 2: Engage Your Thumb

In the next phase, hook your thumb on the bottom of the ball to ensure a grip. Try not to squeeze the ball, but keep a firm hold to prevent any slips. 

When necessary, use the pad of your thumb to pinch the ball for a release.

Step 3: Prepare on Your Stance

Now, you need to stand in a conventional pitching stance with feet shoulder-width apart. Keep your knees slightly bent and the upper body relaxed.

Point your non-throwing shoulder toward the batting plate.

Conceal the ball either within your glove or behind your leg to keep the batter from figuring out how you’re holding it.

Step 4: Target and Wind-Up

Your goal should be to aim for a batter who has the same hand dominance as you (for example, to the right side of a left-handed batter if you are a right-handed pitcher). 

Make sure not to telegraph your intentions so that your pitching strategy remains unpredictable.

Start your wind-up by taking a step to the side while lifting your knee for stability. Raise both hands in front of you, mimicking the motion of throwing a fastball.

Lastly, pull your pitching arm back to maintain a stance to that of a pitch.

Step 5: Pitch Execution

Take a step forward to perform the pitch, extending your reach and landing on the part of your foot.

Make sure your pitching arm is in line with your shoulder while keeping your forearm upright.

Keep your core muscles engaged, and let your shoulder stay relaxed for pitching speed.

When taking a stride, aim for a length that’s approximately twice as wide as your stance to maintain balance.

Step 6: Lean and Rotate

Shift your weight onto your leg to lean into the pitch.

Keep your pitching arm trailing while maintaining a posture with the palm facing the batter.

Add some power to your throw by rotating your hips in the direction of the throw.

Step 7: Wrist Rotation

Start by rotating your wrist in a downward arc motion.

When your arm is fully extended, the tops of your knuckles are facing towards your body.

If you’re a right-handed pitcher, rotate your wrist counterclockwise; if you’re left-handed, rotate it clockwise.

Keep practicing this screwball pitch movement to master it since it requires some torque to achieve the desired change in the ball’s path.

Check out this research video on the screwball pitching in slow motion by the New York Times –

Step 8: Release the Ball

Let go of the ball when your arm is at the same level as your face.

Only release it, keeping your fingers away except for your index finger, which starts the spin.

“Timing is really important; if you release it soon, the pitch might go up with rotation, but if you release it too late, it could affect the ball’s path to the plate.”

If done accurately, your throwing hand should be perfectly aligned with the batter when you let go of the ball.

Advantages and Disadvantages of the Screwball Pitch in Baseball

While the screwball pitch has its advantages, it also has some disadvantages that pitchers should consider.

Advantages of Screwball Pitching	Disadvantages of Screwball Pitching
Deceptive Movement: The screwball has a unique movement, appearing like a curveball or slider before breaking in the opposite direction, making it challenging for hitters to predict.	Unnatural Arm Mechanics: Mastering the screwball requires skill and practice, and its arm mechanics are less natural, causing some pitchers to avoid using it.
Effective Against Batters: It is particularly effective against batters who bat with their opposite hand because it moves away from them, creating a disadvantage for them.	Potential for Injury: The high velocity at which screwballs are thrown can put a strain on the joints and may lead to injuries, especially in younger or less experienced pitchers who may not have the necessary strength and conditioning.
Difficult to Hit: Hitting a screwball is challenging due to its unpredictable movement, often resulting in strikeouts and making it tricky for hitters to make solid contact.	Reduced Usage: The screwball is less commonly thrown in modern baseball due to the risk of injury and the level of skill needed to master it, with other pitches and techniques often being preferred.

9 Top Players Who Have Mastered the Screwball Pitch

These players haven’t only perfected the art of throwing the screwball, but they’ve also left a lasting impact on the game of baseball. I’m sure you’ll find their stories inspiring. 

Christy Mathewson

Between 1900 and 1916, Christy played for the New York Giants. He’s widely regarded as one of the best pitchers in baseball history. 

Some historians called his pitches “Fadeaway” due to his powerful nature. With a record of 373 career wins, he ranks third in Major League Baseball history.

Carl Hubbell 

Hubbell was an influential figure in baseball, achieving accomplishments throughout his career. He was known as “Scroogie King” and the prime baseball player who popularized screwball pitch among his and the next generations. 

Carl Hubbell, a respected Hall of Famer, used the screwball to revive his career and make it famous. His exceptional skill and frequent use of the pitch earned him the nickname. 

The Legend was selected for the NL All-Star team nine times. Without that, he won two NL MVP titles. He also led the NL in ERA three times. He also had two no-hitters under his belt.

Hubbell’s career came to an end due to an extreme elbow injury. Because of the injury, doctors had to remove his bone chip. He believed the reason was his screwball pitching technique. 

However, according to research published in the Baseball Research Journal, the reason behind his injury wasn’t solely the screwball pitch. 

Glenn Fleisig (associate researchers in ASMI (American Sports Medicine Institute)) and Mike Marshall (former MLB player) both agree that pronating the forearm (as in a screwball delivery) doesn’t increase stress on the elbow compared to other pitches.

“It’s highly probable that Hubbell’s extensive workload played a role in the deterioration of his arm considering he pitched an average of 281 innings per year between 1929 and 1937.”

Ralph Terry 

Terry played a role in the Yankee’s pitching rotation during a period of success. From 1960 to 1964, he contributed significantly to five consecutive league championships. 

In 1962, Terry earned a spot on the All-Star team. Led the American League with 23 victories during a season.

Juan Marichal 

Marichal gained fame for his pitching style characterized by a leg kick versatility in pitch selection, various arm angles, pinpoint control, and exceptional durability. 

He played a part in leading the Giants to the 1962 World Series. Recorded an impressive 191 victories during the 1960s, the highest among major league pitchers.

Fernando Valenzuela

Valenzuela didn’t just excel in baseball. He also became an icon within the Latino community in the United States and a hero in his home country. 

Throughout his career, he achieved a record of 173 wins, 153 losses, and an ERA of 3.54, along with 2,074 strikeouts. 

Valenzuela’s extraordinary achievements include winning a Cy Young Award and being chosen for 6 All-Star Games.

Jim Mecir

Despite facing challenges like being born with a clubfoot, Jim Mecir showcased athleticism not only on the baseball field but also excelling in high school basketball and track. 

His impact on baseball was significant during his time at East Smithtown (New York) High.

Mike Cuellar

Cuellar left behind a legacy in the world of baseball. During his time as a Baltimore Oriole, he had four seasons with 20 or more wins. 

Accumulated a total of 185 victories in league games. Notably, Cuellar became known for his superstitions, which added to his persona within the sport.

Luis Arroyo

Arroyo made history as the Puerto Rican player to proudly wear the New York Yankees uniform. 

He played a role in leading the team to pennant-winning seasons in both 1961 and 1962 by making contributions to their success.

Warren Spahn 

He had a career with accomplishments such as being selected as an All-Star seventeen times, achieving thirteen seasons with twenty+, winning three ERA titles, and throwing two no-hitters at the ages of 39 and 40. 

Additionally, he earned a World Series championship and a Cy Young Award in 1957.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Screwball Really the Fastest Pitch in Baseball?

No, the screwball isn’t the fastest pitch in baseball. It’s known for its off-speed characteristics and movement rather than sheer velocity. 

Fastballs, such as the four-seam fastball or the sinker, are the fastest pitches in the game, often reaching speeds exceeding 90 miles per hour (mph).

“So far, the fastest pitch ever recorded in Major League Baseball is a fastball. It was pitched by Aroldis Chapman at a speed of 105.8 mph.”

Is the Screwball an Effective Pitch?

Actually, it depends on several factors, but mainly on the pitcher’s ability to control and disguise the pitch. If you can achieve the momentum perfectly, screwballs can be highly effective in deceiving batters and inducing swings and misses. 

Is the Screwball Pitch Legal in Baseball?

Yes, screwball pitching is legal in baseball. However, it’s not in practice anymore by the pro pitchers due to the arm injury risk. 

What Are the Mistakes or Challenges to Learn Throwing the Screwball Pitch?

In my experience, the most common mistakes and challenges when learning the screwball pitch are improper grip, releasing too early or late, and not getting enough rotation.

Coach’s Recommendations

Mastering the screwball pitch takes time but can give pitchers a great out-pitch. Focus on a proper grip to generate downward rotation. 

Use an exaggerated twisting motion on release to get a strong sideways break. 

Arm care is crucial, so monitor soreness and limit pitch counts. Work on command in the lower outside corner to play off its movement. 

Don’t overuse it, mixing the screwball judiciously to keep batters guessing. Pitch screwballs with confidence, selling the pitch through a full follow-through. 

With practice, the screwball can become a reliable weapon to induce weak contact and swings and misses.

Check out more –

How to Throw a Baseball Faster

How To Throw A Sinker

How To Throw A Two Seam Fastball

How To Throw A Slider

What Baseball Position Should I Play